Hier een paar uitspraken van Cook over de mond (en bit):
Mouth – this is one of the most sensitive corners of the horse’s anatomy. Here are enormous quantity of supersensitive nerve endings and painful receptors.
As soon they place a iron into the mouth, the swallowing reflex is activated in it. But into the following minute they force the horse to move, and this serves as signal for including the reflex deeply of respiration. The nervous system, which controls food reaction is diametrically opposite to control system of respiration during the motion.
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Iron in the mouth leads to the fact that the activity of the cascade of the reflexes of mastication, – swallowing and digestive is forced to be included. Lips are opened and become mobile, mouth opened, the tip of the tongue constantly searches for foreign body, it’s stimulated salivation and jaws begin to work. When the mouth gets filled for the mastication, the throat gets signals for the ingestion. When the tongue is locked on the game by the snaffle, the root of the tongue is pushed back and justifies the soft palate – which it is deceived by the root of the tongue – to move upward. This, on the turn, prevents respiration, because it limits the passage of airflow into the trachea. If the swallowing reflex begins to work because of the accumulated saliva and the soft palate will rise, then subsequently, although to the instant, the access of airflow is completely blocked. When ingestion occurs, respiration completely stops. Thus, all these activities using the method of the reactions are physiologically opposite to those, which are necessary for the galloping.
While exercising the lips must be fixed, mouth is closed and dry, gum and tongue are calm, and the soft palate is strongly omitted. Of horses breathe it is exclusive by nose, and they cannot achieve respiration through the mouth, as we can, and each similar attempt leads to the suffocation. The physiological confusion, caused by the incompatible requirements for the horse throat simultaneously for the respiration and the ingestion is, in my opinion, critical for many cases of the dorsal displacement of the soft palate in race horses and ruinous consequences of suffocation.
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